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   隨著大量非線性(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負荷諧波源在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)的使用(yong)，除了要消(xiao)耗(hao)大量有(you)功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率外，還(huan)需(xu)要吸收大量的沖(chong)擊(ji)性(xing)無功(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)率，這樣就(jiu)會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起(qi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網系統(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)低(di)功(gong)(gong)率因數、電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波動與(yu)閃變、諧波、以及三相不(bu)平衡等問(wen)題，不(bu)僅使配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量逐步惡(e)化(hua)，同時諧波還(huan)會(hui)(hui)引(yin)起(qi)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網保(bao)護(hu)控制系統(tong)(tong)發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)“拒動”、“誤動”等不(bu)利情況發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，降低(di)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)。

   因此，在存在大量諧波分量的配電網系統中，進行無功補償和諧波治理是非常必要中。將基于柔性交流輸電技術的靜止無功補償裝置(SVG)應用到配電網中，進行電力系統無功功率的補償和諧波治理，對提高配電網供電電能質量和供電可靠性，就顯得非常有無功補償與諧波治理實踐應用研究意義。

SVG靜止無功發生器的工作原理

　　SVG靜止無功發生器是配電網中滿足無功快速準確可靠補償、減少諧波電流的無功補償及諧波治理裝置。SVG靜止無功發生器的基本工作原理是將自換相橋式變流電路經電抗或直接并聯到配電網系統中，通過內部智能控制單元運行分析獲得無功補償策略，自動自適應的調節橋式電路交流側輸出電壓的相位和幅值（電壓型無功補償裝置），或直接控制SVG裝置交流側電流（電流型無功補償裝置），就可以使該變流電路吸收或者發(fa)出(chu)滿足(zu)配電網動態調節要求的無(wu)功(gong)(gong)容量，實(shi)現對配電網無(wu)功(gong)(gong)的動態補償(chang)和諧波(bo)治理作用。

SVG在電(dian)力系統中的應用

工程概況

   某11OkV電(dian)(dian)力系統中A變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站主要為該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)冶煉企業(ye)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)能，工(gong)業(ye)負(fu)荷(he)約占65%。因(yin)為工(gong)業(ye)負(fu)荷(he)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，其(qi)(qi)晝夜(ye)負(fu)荷(he)波動(dong)較(jiao)大(da)(da)，據歷史運(yun)行(xing)數據可(ke)知，該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)最大(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷(he)約12.8萬(wan)(wan)kw（為夜(ye)間(jian)(jian)低(di)谷時(shi)間(jian)(jian)，由(you)于工(gong)業(ye)企業(ye)普遍采取低(di)谷時(shi)段低(di)費率用電(dian)(dian)模式(shi)），而在白晝時(shi)段其(qi)(qi)最小負(fu)荷(he)僅為6.9萬(wan)(wan)kw，峰谷差(cha)5.9萬(wan)(wan)kW。另(ling)外，由(you)于該(gai)區(qu)域(yu)工(gong)業(ye)負(fu)荷(he)中非線(xian)性負(fu)荷(he)容(rong)量較(jiao)大(da)(da)，諧(xie)波注入(ru)到配電(dian)(dian)網中導致嚴重(zhong)污染，曾(ceng)多次(ci)發生(sheng)10kV線(xian)路I母和II母側發生(sheng)補(bu)償電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器(qi)燒毀、以及配電(dian)(dian)網繼電(dian)(dian)保護“誤動(dong)”、“誤動(dong)”等事故(gu)，嚴重(zhong)影響到供(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)能質量水平和供(gong)電(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠性。

   110kV變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站10kV側線路(lu)在夜間集中用電(dian)(dian)時段，其母線電(dian)(dian)壓畸變(bian)率高達(da)6.7%，超(chao)(chao)出標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)壓10kV配電(dian)(dian)網的國家規定的4%限值標(biao)準，且諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)分量也達(da)到基波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的7.5%，10kV配電(dian)(dian)網線損相當高。在110kV主變(bian)壓器處(chu)于50%負(fu)載率工(gong)況下，10kV側配電(dian)(dian)網中5次、7次、11次諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)嚴重超(chao)(chao)標(biao)，其中7次諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)超(chao)(chao)標(biao)約(yue)2倍(bei)，所(suo)需補(bu)償總(zong)諧(xie)波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)為27.05A。

ABSVG補償容量計算

　　考慮預(yu)留20%的富裕量(liang)(liang)，即需補償32A總諧波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流。在(zai)計算(suan)SVG裝置(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補償容量(liang)(liang)時(shi)，不僅(jin)要考慮10kV配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網基(ji)波無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)補償容量(liang)(liang)，同時(shi)還要考慮在(zai)容量(liang)(liang)范圍內(nei)補償配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中存在(zai)的諧波分量(liang)(liang)，對配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧波進行有效治理(li)(li)，有效提高供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)質量(liang)(liang)水(shui)平。根據統計計算(suan)，知I母和(he)(he)II母需要補償的無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)容量(liang)(liang)分別(bie)為3.6MVA和(he)(he)3.9MVA。因(yin)此，I母和(he)(he)II母分別(bie)選用的SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)發生器裝置(zhi)(zhi)計算(suan)所需容量(liang)(liang)為：3.6+0.57/2=3.85MVA，取SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)發生器補償容量(liang)(liang)為±4 Mvar，同理(li)(li)II母SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)發生裝置(zhi)(zhi)的補償容量(liang)(liang)也取為±4Mvar。

應用效果分析

　　 ABSVG 系列靜止無功發生器技術特點:可補償(chang)感性無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，也可補償(chang)容性無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，提高(gao)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數到0.99 以(yi)上，具(ju)有三相不平(ping)衡補償(chang)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng);實(shi)時(shi)補償(chang)，補償(chang)容量等于(yu)安裝容量，全(quan)數字化(hua)(hua)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，采(cai)用(yong)先進(jin)的(de)基于(yu)瞬時(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)理論的(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)算(suan)法，實(shi)時(shi)精確(que)地補償(chang)系(xi)統中的(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)電(dian)流(liu)(liu);裝置運行(xing)時(shi)被控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)為電(dian)流(liu)(liu)源，不存在(zai)與系(xi)統發生諧(xie)振(zhen)的(de)問題,自(zi)動(dong)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng)，無(wu)(wu)(wu)過(guo)補、無(wu)(wu)(wu)欠(qian)補問題,屏(ping)幕實(shi)時(shi)顯示系(xi)統和(he)裝置運行(xing)參數，具(ju)有故障報警及追憶(yi)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能(neng);功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)電(dian)路(lu)和(he)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)路(lu)采(cai)用(yong)模塊化(hua)(hua)設計，在(zai)實(shi)現標(biao)準(zhun)化(hua)(hua)生產的(de)同時(shi)提高(gao)了使用(yong)中的(de)可靠性和(he)可

維修(xiu)性，極大方便(bian)了系統安裝.

    在該110kV變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站10kV側I母(mu)和II母(mu)上分別配置(zhi)±4Mvar的LBSVG無功發生器(qi)裝置(zhi)，經(jing)調試投運后(hou)，10kV側I母(mu)和II母(mu)的母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓畸變率(lv)、諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)均處于(yu)合(he)格范圍內，其(qi)中電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓畸變率(lv)由補償前的6.7%有效(xiao)降到2.8%，能夠滿足10kV公用電(dian)(dian)(dian)網諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓限(xian)值4%的要求，補償效(xiao)果(guo)十分明顯。

     ABSVG靜止無功發生器能從配電網中吸收或輸送連續可調的無功功率，從而有效提高配電網的無功容量的平衡能力，穩定了供電電壓水平，降低了配電網線損，提高了電力系統供電電能質量水平和供電可靠性。隨著以電力電子元器件為核心的大功率電氣設備在配電網系統中的使用，ABSVG靜止無功發生器良好的(de)無功動(dong)態補償和諧波治(zhi)理(li)功能(neng)，必將(jiang)在電(dian)力系統中的(de)得到廣(guang)泛的(de)推廣(guang)應用。

      ABSVG靜止無功發生器提(ti)高(gao)了功(gong)率因數,獲(huo)得(de)優惠電(dian)(dian)費(fei)價格,至少可(ke)避免被罰款。其(qi)次,降低(di)了企業(ye)的(de)用電(dian)(dian)量。第(di)三,在系統(tong)內電(dian)(dian)壓一定情況下,降低(di)了視在電(dian)(dian)流。第(di)四,提(ti)高(gao)系統(tong)變壓器的(de)使用裕度。第(di)五,提(ti)高(gao)系統(tong)內電(dian)(dian)壓數值。綜合上(shang)述原因,對企業(ye)整(zheng)體(ti)而(er)言,進行無功(gong)補償有相對直接的(de)經濟效益(yi)。