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隨著(zhu)大量非線性電(dian)(dian)力負荷諧波源在電(dian)(dian)力系統中的使用，不僅惡化了(le)(le)(le)配電(dian)(dian)網供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)能質量，同時還(huan)降低了(le)(le)(le)配電(dian)(dian)網供電(dian)(dian)可靠(kao)性。文章在分析了(le)(le)(le)ABSVG無(wu)功發生器(qi)的工(gong)作原理和功能作用后，結合工(gong)程實例，對ABSVG在電(dian)(dian)力系統中應用的技術(shu)要點進行了(le)(le)(le)詳細分析研(yan)究。

　　大(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子(zi)設(she)備在(zai)(zai)運行(xing)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，除了要消耗大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)有(you)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)外，還需(xu)要吸收大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)沖擊(ji)性(xing)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)，這樣就會引起配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網系(xi)統發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)低功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)因(yin)數、電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)波(bo)動與(yu)閃變、諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)、以(yi)及三相不平衡等(deng)問題，不僅(jin)使配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)(liang)逐步惡(e)化，同時諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)還會引起配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網保護控制系(xi)統發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)“拒動”、“誤(wu)動”等(deng)不利情況發(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)，降低配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網供電(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)。在(zai)(zai)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)大(da)量(liang)(liang)(liang)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)分量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)，進行(xing)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)和(he)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)治(zhi)理是非(fei)常必要中(zhong)(zhong)。因(yin)此(ci),將基(ji)于柔性(xing)交(jiao)流輸電(dian)(dian)技(ji)術(shu)的(de)(de)(de)Abifsey系(xi)列靜止無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置(ABSVG)應用(yong)到配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)(zhong)，進行(xing)電(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)的(de)(de)(de)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)和(he)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)治(zhi)理，對提高配(pei)電(dian)(dian)網供電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)(liang)(liang)和(he)供電(dian)(dian)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性(xing)，就顯(xian)得(de)非(fei)常有(you)無功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)與(yu)諧(xie)(xie)(xie)波(bo)治(zhi)理實踐應用(yong)研(yan)究意義(yi)。

　　1、ABSVG無功發生器的工作原理

　　交流(liu)(liu)電(dian)能(neng)在通過(guo)實際電(dian)力負(fu)荷消(xiao)耗過(guo)程中(zhong)，由于電(dian)力負(fu)荷不(bu)可能(neng)是(shi)純容(rong)性或(huo)純感性原因，這樣就(jiu)會(hui)導致負(fu)荷運行(xing)(xing)(xing)過(guo)程中(zhong)，有相當一部分(fen)電(dian)能(neng)在不(bu)做功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)情(qing)況下被(bei)消(xiao)耗掉，進(jin)而使配電(dian)網系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率容(rong)量(liang)不(bu)斷(duan)降(jiang)低(di)，供電(dian)電(dian)能(neng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率因素值降(jiang)低(di)。因此，需(xu)要對(dui)配電(dian)網系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)電(dian)能(neng)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率因素進(jin)行(xing)(xing)(xing)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)，這便(bian)是(shi)靜止(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)（Static Var Compensator,SVG）需(xu)要完成的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)任務。SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)是(shi)配電(dian)網中(zhong)滿足(zu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)快速準確可靠(kao)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)、減少諧波電(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)及諧波治理裝置。SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)基本工作原理是(shi)將自(zi)換相橋式變流(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)經電(dian)抗或(huo)直接(jie)并(bing)聯到配電(dian)網系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，通過(guo)內部智(zhi)能(neng)控制(zhi)單(dan)元運行(xing)(xing)(xing)分(fen)析(xi)獲得(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)策略，自(zi)動自(zi)適應(ying)的(de)(de)調(diao)節橋式電(dian)路(lu)(lu)交流(liu)(liu)側輸出電(dian)壓的(de)(de)相位和幅值（電(dian)壓型無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置），或(huo)直接(jie)控制(zhi)SVG裝置交流(liu)(liu)側電(dian)流(liu)(liu)（電(dian)流(liu)(liu)型無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)裝置），就(jiu)可以使該變流(liu)(liu)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)吸收或(huo)者發(fa)出滿足(zu)配電(dian)網動態調(diao)節要求(qiu)的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)量(liang)，實現對(dui)配電(dian)網無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)動態補(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)償(chang)(chang)和諧波治理作用。SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生(sheng)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)主電(dian)路(lu)(lu)如圖1所示：

　　2、ABSVG在電(dian)力系(xi)統中的應用

　　2.1 工(gong)程概況

　　某11OkV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系統中(zhong)A變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站主要為(wei)該(gai)區域(yu)冶煉企業(ye)(ye)提供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，工業(ye)(ye)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)約占65%。因為(wei)工業(ye)(ye)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)較大，其晝夜(ye)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)波(bo)動(dong)較大，據(ju)歷(li)史運行數(shu)據(ju)可知，該(gai)區域(yu)最(zui)大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)約12.8萬(wan)kw（為(wei)夜(ye)間低(di)谷(gu)時間，由(you)于(yu)工業(ye)(ye)企業(ye)(ye)普遍采取(qu)低(di)谷(gu)時段低(di)費率用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)模式），而(er)在(zai)白晝時段其最(zui)小負(fu)(fu)荷(he)僅為(wei)6.9萬(wan)kw，峰(feng)谷(gu)差5.9萬(wan)kW。另外，由(you)于(yu)該(gai)區域(yu)工業(ye)(ye)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)中(zhong)非線性(xing)負(fu)(fu)荷(he)容(rong)量(liang)較大，諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)注入到(dao)(dao)配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)導(dao)致嚴(yan)重(zhong)污染，曾多(duo)次發生(sheng)(sheng)10kV線路I母(mu)和II母(mu)側發生(sheng)(sheng)補償電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器燒(shao)毀、以(yi)及配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網繼(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護“誤動(dong)”、“誤動(dong)”等事(shi)故，嚴(yan)重(zhong)影響到(dao)(dao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能質量(liang)水(shui)平和供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)可靠性(xing)。110kV變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站10kV側線路在(zai)夜(ye)間集中(zhong)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時段，其母(mu)線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓畸變率高達(da)6.7%，超出(chu)標(biao)稱電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的(de)國家規(gui)定的(de)4%限值(zhi)標(biao)準，且諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)分(fen)量(liang)也達(da)到(dao)(dao)基波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)7.5%，10kV配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網線損相當高。在(zai)110kV主變壓器處于(yu)50%負(fu)(fu)載率工況下，10kV側配(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)5次、7次、11次諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)嚴(yan)重(zhong)超標(biao)，其中(zhong)7次諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)超標(biao)約2倍，所需補償總諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)27.05A。

　　2.2 ABSVG補償容(rong)量計(ji)算

　　考慮預留20%的富裕量，即需補償(chang)(chang)32A總諧波電流，因(yin)此I母和(he)II母兩段10kV母線側進(jin)行諧波治理需要補償(chang)(chang)的無功容量為(wei)：

　　ABSVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)過程中，裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置僅提供(gong)(gong)恒(heng)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)負荷(he)補(bu)償(chang)兩種運(yun)行(xing)(xing)方式(shi)。如果(guo)采取恒(heng)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)方式(shi)，則10kV配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)調(diao)度運(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(shi)所需(xu)(xu)(xu)設定的無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)值不應(ying)超出SVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置能夠提供(gong)(gong)的額(e)定容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)值，即無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)負的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置額(e)定容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)至正(zheng)的裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置額(e)定容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)間進(jin)行(xing)(xing)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)動(dong)態補(bu)償(chang);在(zai)負荷(he)動(dong)態補(bu)償(chang)方式(shi)下(xia)，用戶可以(yi)根據(ju)需(xu)(xu)(xu)求側電(dian)(dian)力負荷(he)實(shi)際(ji)情(qing)況(kuang)選擇ABSVG自(zi)動(dong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)配置及(ji)保護項，以(yi)充分(fen)(fen)利用ABSVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)自(zi)動(dong)調(diao)節控制策略有(you)效(xiao)改善10kV配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)。另(ling)外，在(zai)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)ABSVG裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)時(shi)(shi)，不僅要考(kao)慮10kV配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)基波(bo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)補(bu)償(chang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，同(tong)(tong)時(shi)(shi)還要考(kao)慮在(zai)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)范圍內(nei)補(bu)償(chang)配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中存在(zai)的諧波(bo)分(fen)(fen)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，對配電(dian)(dian)網(wang)諧波(bo)進(jin)行(xing)(xing)有(you)效(xiao)治(zhi)理(li)，有(you)效(xiao)提高供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)能質(zhi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)水平。根據(ju)統(tong)計(ji)計(ji)算(suan)(suan)，知I母(mu)和(he)II母(mu)需(xu)(xu)(xu)要補(bu)償(chang)的無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)分(fen)(fen)別為(wei)(wei)3.6MVA和(he)3.9MVA。因(yin)此(ci)，I母(mu)和(he)II母(mu)分(fen)(fen)別選用的ABSVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生器裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置計(ji)算(suan)(suan)所需(xu)(xu)(xu)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)：3.6+0.57/2=3.85MVA，取ABSVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生器補(bu)償(chang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)為(wei)(wei)±4 Mvar，同(tong)(tong)理(li)II母(mu)SVG無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)發(fa)生裝(zhuang)(zhuang)置的補(bu)償(chang)容(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)(liang)也(ye)取為(wei)(wei)±4Mvar。

　　2.3 應(ying)用效果分析(xi)

　　在該110kV變電站10kV側(ce)I母(mu)(mu)和II母(mu)(mu)上分別配置(zhi)(zhi)±4Mvar的(de)SVG無功發生器裝置(zhi)(zhi)，經調試投運后，10kV側(ce)I母(mu)(mu)和II母(mu)(mu)的(de)母(mu)(mu)線電壓(ya)(ya)畸變率、諧(xie)波電流均處于合格(ge)范圍內，其中電壓(ya)(ya)畸變率由補償前的(de)6.7%有效(xiao)降到2.8%，能夠(gou)滿足10kV公(gong)用電網諧(xie)波電壓(ya)(ya)限值4%的(de)要求(qiu)，補償效(xiao)果十分明顯。

　　3、結束語

　　ABSVG無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發生器能從(cong)配電(dian)網(wang)中吸收或(huo)輸送連續可調的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率，從(cong)而有效提高(gao)配電(dian)網(wang)的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)容量(liang)的(de)平衡(heng)能力(li)，穩(wen)定了(le)供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)水平，降低了(le)配電(dian)網(wang)線損，提高(gao)了(le)電(dian)力(li)系統供(gong)電(dian)電(dian)能質量(liang)水平和供(gong)電(dian)可靠性。隨著以電(dian)力(li)電(dian)子元(yuan)器件為核心(xin)的(de)大功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)率電(dian)氣設(she)備在配電(dian)網(wang)系統中的(de)使用，ABSVG無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)發生器良(liang)好的(de)無(wu)(wu)功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)動態(tai)補償和諧波治(zhi)理功(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)能，必將在電(dian)力(li)系統中的(de)得到廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)推廣(guang)應(ying)用。